Theories of Development - 6168 Words

Theories of Development Multiple Choice Questions 1) Which of the following theories relies on the understanding of internal drives and emotions to answer the whys of human development? A) Psychoanalytic B) Humanistic C) Biological D) Cognitive Answer: A Page Ref: 24 2) Psychoanalytic theorists suggests that human development depends on A) our ability to accommodate external stimuli. B) our ability to modify our behavior based on the prospect of rewards or punishment. C) the influence of internal drives and emotions upon behavior. D) social relationships. Answer: C Page Ref: 24 3) Which of the following most accurately describes Freuds model of the personality? A) Formal operations B) Id,†¦show more content†¦A) To develop a sense of autonomy, or become ashamed of ones inability to be independent of parents B) To develop initiative and become purposeful and goal oriented, or to be guilty about inability to focus and achieve C) To form intimate relationships, or to risk isolation and rejection D) To examine ones identity and possible roles, or risk confusion about the future Answer: D Page Ref: 27 15) Eriksons dilemma of intimacy vs. isolation is associated with what developmental age? A) Birth to one year B) 2-3 years C) 18 - 30 years D) 30 years to late adulthood Answer: C Page Ref: 27 16) Which of the following best defines generativity? A) A sense of wanting to give back to society and future generations B) A sense of needing to make up for ones shortcomings C) The need to resolve a midlife crisis D) The need to establish intimate relationships Answer: A Page Ref: 27 17) Carolyn is thinking of her children and what they are to become. She wants to see her children succeed and raise healthy families of their own. Carolyn spends more and more time thinking about how best to help her children be good people who contribute to society. Which of Eriksons stages would Carolyn most likely be experiencing?Show MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Human Development Theory1642 Words   |  7 PagesHuman development theories are theories intended to account for how and why people become, as they are. These theories provide the framework to clarify and organize existing observations and to try to explain and predict human behavior. It is important to recognize the complexity of human development and the theories that explain human development. (Berger, pg. 23). The three theories that have influenced by development are Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Theory, Abraham Maslow’s Humanism and Erik Erikson’sRead MoreTheories And Theories Of Human Development1 337 Words   |  6 Pages10/11/17 Principles of Human Development Paper #1 The concepts and theories of human development are important for a school counselor to have knowledge on. Knowledge on these topics can aid the counselor in better understanding the circumstances of their students. There are three main developmental sections which will be discussed in this paper. Those three include physical development, cognitive development, and social development. Each section contains multiple theories and concepts that would beRead MoreThe Theory Of Child Development858 Words   |  4 PagesSocial scientists have given us several theories on child development. There have been three influential theories that have really shaped how we look at the subject. Each one of these theories offers an insightful perspective that has been very influential in how we view child development. The first theory, we will delve into is George Herbert Meads Theory of the Social Self which focused on social interaction with developing human beings. Meads believed that, â€Å"a symbo lic interactionist, saw theRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Development1196 Words   |  5 Pagessix main theories of human development these are: the Psychoanalytic theories, cognitive theories, behavioral and social cognitive theories, ethological theories, ecological theories, and eclectic theoretical orientation. Let’s explain a little more about the theories mentioned before. Psychoanalytic theories explain the human development as unconscious behaviors characteristics. The psychoanalytic theories was develop by Sigmund Freud between 1856 until 1939. The psychoanalytic theories was focusRead MoreThe Theories Of Child Development1084 Words   |  5 Pagesteachers and friends but also the important values and beliefs within their culture. All of this provides the foundations for cognitive development. As trainee teachers, it is fundamental that we have a deeper understanding of how children learn and how we can support learning. In order to do this we must first look at some of the theories of learning. Theories Prior to the early 20th century little interest was paid to how a child developed; indeed most early research appears to be based on abnormalRead MoreTheories Of Learning And Development Essay1581 Words   |  7 Pagesundoubtedly influenced theories of learning and development, they share similarities and differences in their views of child development. It would hence be useful to examine these by evaluating their views regarding what development is, how it occurs, and whether phases of development exist. It is important to first establish Vygotsky, Piaget, and Skinner’s views regarding what development is. Piaget and Vygotsky have more similarities in their views of what a child’s development is compared to SkinnerRead MoreThe Theory Of Child Development1053 Words   |  5 PagesArt educators that consider theories of child development when creating lesson plans, are more effective. As art educators, we understand that it is our responsibility to educate ourselves on the latest research of art development in order to better serve our educational institutions through providing a quality art education for the future generations of innovators in America. Piaget’s stages of cognitive development stages thoroughly explain the biological transition that occurs in elementary schoolRead MoreTheories of Development Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesTheories of Development Three different theorists were considered in this assignment. Two children were used to explore the theories of development by Piaget, Vygotsky and Kohlberg. One child tested was a fourteen-year-old female named Kari. Kari is currently at the grade 8 level and performs well academically. The other child tested was a six-year-old female named Meghan. Meghan is currently in Kindergarten. Meghan performs at an average level academically. The assigned tasks wereRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Development2064 Words   |  9 PagesThe life span theories is about four different theories; the psychoanalytic, behaviourism, cognitive and humanistic. Erikson has some similarities with Freud however it is extremely different in other ways. Rather than Erikson focusing on sexual interest as a driving force in development, he believed that social interaction and experience played a decisive role. Erikson has an eight stage theory of human development which describes the process from birth to death and the crisis of each stage bringsRead MoreThe Theory Of Child Development2414 Words   |  10 Pagesa sound understanding of theories of child develop ment so they can offer activities that are appropriate for the child’s particular stage of development (Early Education, 2012). This essay will compare and contrast key features of developmental theories by applying them to a particular aspect of child development, the aspect that will be investigated is language acquisition. This essay will consider differing theories of language development such as the behaviourist theory proposed by Skinner (1957)

Should Gay Adoption Be Legal Essay - 1982 Words

Gay adoption is a very strong topic in today’s world. There are many pros and cons but I see it as an opportunity for children to be out of the government system and into homes. People in today’s world fear change. Its natural human reaction, it seems. If it didn’t work then it isn’t going to work now. Im not saying I agree with everything but I think there are some changes that need to be made. I think people can want children whether they are heterosexuals or homosexuals. With so many changes in the world right now like gay marriages, I wonder if this wouldn’t be a positive outcome for some children, some young humans to get out of the foster care system and into some homes permanently. The House of Representatives believes homosexuals should be able to adopt. LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) same-sex, or gay (for short) adoption is the adoption of children by LGBT parents, either individually, or as a couple†¦in many other countries, gay people may petition individually to adopt, while gay couple cannot. 1. www.ru.idebate.org/debatabase/.../house-believes-homosexuals-should-be-able-adopt Adoption has been around for many years. The most recent history of adoption can be tracked back to about the 1850s. The first â€Å"modern† adoption law in the United States was found in Massachusetts. This law recognized adoption as a social and legal process based on the the welfare of the children not the adult interests. Orphan trains also began about this time.Show MoreRelatedGay Adoption Should Be Legal1203 Words   |  5 PagesGay adoption is a touchy subject to a lot of people. Even though gay adoption became legal in all 50 states on June 26, 2017 everyone still seems to have an opinion on the matter and a lot of the opinions lean toward not allowing gay couples to adopt. There are so many children in the foster care system that need loving and stable homes so why not let gay couples give that to them? There is a lot of evidence to show that gay couples can be just as good at parenting as a straight couple. Maybe evenRead MoreGay Adoption Should Be Legal1411 Words   |  6 Pagesfor homosexuals to raise children. It is legal for heterosexuals to adopt children in all states; however, homosexuals do not have the same right. Many states are trying to find loopholes to ban homosexuals from adopting. Gay adoption should be legal in all states because children can be raised in the same upbringing as heterosexual parents, sometimes can have better lives than those who are raised by heterosexual parents, and the banning of gay adoption goes against the homosexual parents’ rightsRead MoreGay Adoption Should Be Legal1355 Words   |  6 Pagesare no unwanted children just unfound families† (National Adoption Center.). Families together are one not anything different from every other family. No matter race, color, or the type of family. Adoption is just a way for anybody who wants to create a family would be able to have the access to have a family of their own. Even to the families who are not able to have a child or does not have a partner to have a child. The National Adoption Center allows the families in need to adopt a child in needRead MoreAdoption by Gay Couples Should Be Legal in All 50 States Essay example1161 Words   |  5 Pagesto start having families and feeling a desire to adopt. However, only 15 states allow gay couples to adopt. Persons of the same sex are just as capable of nurturing, loving and supporting adopted children as a straight couple. Over the last year, researchers in Australia found that having gay or lesbian parents does not affect a child’s education, social development or emotional health. Evidence shows that gay men and lesbians make just as good parents †¦Ã¢â‚¬  The fact that the parents love someone whoRead MoreLegal Issues For Gay And Lesbian Adoption And Parental Rights1626 Words   |  7 Pages Legal Issues for Gay and Lesbian Adoption and Parental Rights Issue Although adoption can be difficult for any single person or married couple, adoption for the gay and lesbian population presents a unique set of challenges both societal and legal. Whether constitutional or not, special rules apply to same gay and lesbian adoption. Under current legislation, is same sex adoption fully legal and how do the laws on the subject measure with regard to equality to adoption among heterosexualRead MoreShould Same-Sex Couples Be Allowed to Adopt? Essays838 Words   |  4 Pagesthe only option is adoption. Well, same-sex adoption is not legal in most places which makes this dream for some impossible. This caused controversy between same-sex couples and the general public who believes that same-sex adoption should remain illegal. Ultimately, same-sex adoption should be legal. The same-sex controversy is one of the many results from the slow process of gay marriage becoming legalized in various states across the United States of America. The fight for gay marriage is predatedRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Is The Legal Union Essay1562 Words   |  7 PagesSaved ï† µ Recents ï† » Uploads ï† ¯ My Answersï„” ï† · Accountï„” Are you a UCLA or USC student? Click here to access FREE course materials and tests. Products ï‡ ³Home ï‡ ¶Research ï‡ µDrive ï‡ ´Answers About Company Legal Site Map Contact Advertise ï‡ º ï‡ ¼ ï‡ ½  ©2015 StudyMode.com Home Same-sex marriage Same Sex Marriage Same Sex Marriage CivilRead MoreShould Homosexuals Be Allowed? Adopt?1512 Words   |  7 PagesTeirra Thomas Professor Parks ENG 101, Documented Research Paper 18 November 2014 Should Homosexuals be allowed to Adopt Did you know that Florida absolutely bans homosexuals to adopt children? Over a million people in the United States disagree on same sex marriage. If they disagree with same sex marriage what about when homosexuals want to adopt children. In my opinion it is great that homosexuals want to adopt children, because it is not about who they are being raised by. It is all about ifRead MoreShould Same Sex Marriage Be Allowed?1620 Words   |  7 Pages The Right To Marriage Same sex marriage is a topic today that brings strong moral objections from both sides. Should same sex marriage be allowed? Should these people be given the same rights in their relationship as heterosexual couples? Why restrict these citizens from their rights just because of their love for another? Should we deny foreign customs to foreigners just because they aren’t customs we perform? The United States is a land of the free, not the restricted. We are not robots setRead MoreThe Rights Of The Gay Rights890 Words   |  4 Pageshave been made for the gay community over the past several years, culminating with the Supreme Court ruling to recognize gay marriages as legal in all fifty states. However, the fight for homosexual equality is far from over. Despite having gained the right to marry-which was seen by many as the main focus of the gay rights movement- many people are still discriminated against in a variety of arenas every day because of their sexuality. One such sec tor is that of adoption. Although their inability

Management as Future Profession

Question: Discuss about the Management as Future Profession. Answer: Introduction Management is a profession that is valued in the modern world because it allows an individual to define the success of an organization. The managers play significant roles in the evolution and growth of an organization. Undeniably, being a manager implies that an individual must do more than a mere change by facilitating an evolutionary process. I understand that business success depends on the successful employees and strong managers are the component of employee success. Given its significance in the modern business environment, I believe I have the potential and zeal to succeed in this profession. Critical review of the management profession Many people would view managers as people who occupy a position of authority over others. However, McCrimmon (2010) defines managers as people who manage themselves while the management is a process where an individual engages everyone. To this effect, management is a role that goes beyond an individual. In the industrial age organization, managers were part of the formal hierarchies which were supposed to assign specific roles to workers as explained by Murray (2016). Based on this role, they managers had the powers to govern, plan, organize, and control the workforce (Chuang, 2013). This perception made the management a restricting and top-down function. In the post-industrial era, this attitude has changed because one has to be the own boss who has strategic partners, customers, and suppliers to consider in any decision-making process (McCrimmon, 2010). Management is beyond getting work done through others, especially employees. For instance, in todays world, we must be in a position to manage ourselves, our activities, and our time that rarely need formal managerial functions or manage people (Chuang, 2013). To this effect, the managerial function has been distinct from rules of such a manager such that the management function has become a responsibility of everyone in a company. In modern, post-industrial age, everyone needs to manage resources. Through a self-managing team, there must be a complex system to facilitate the management of work and measure performance precisely (McCrimmon, 2010). It entails becoming efficient in identifying the right goal and using the best means to achieving it. The management profession is the best in the modern society because it is an all-around function. Managers have to get their work done through self-managing and engaging knowledge workers. Without a doubt, managers are investors, customers, partners, and sports coaches. McCrimmon (2010) holds that managers seem to share attributes with investors, partners, sports coaches, and customers without getting identified to any of them. For example, Kane-Urrabazo (2006) asserts that managers are investors because they have to allocate resources so that they maximize return. For an organization to achieve a certain innovation level, the managers must respond to the competitive forces by considering the balance of power in an organization. For instance, the managers should consider engaging employees to enhance strategic decision-making. Alam, Gale, Brown, and Khan (2010) have provided insights into how human skills are important in managing projects successfully. Like other scholars, Alam et al. (2010) used a case study to understand the effectiveness of project management. With the help of a benchmark, the behavioral competencies are valued. In fact, through the management course, an individual would acquire the soft skills of a control group. From Alams et al. (2010) work, there is a direct link between competence development, education, and corporate performance thus justifying education and training investment. Mastrangelo, Eddy, and Lorenzet (2004) maintained that organizational viability depends on an effective leadership. Mastrangelo et al. (2004) held that effective leaders continue to engage in personal and professional leadership behaviors. These scholars relied on Baron and Kennys strategy thus giving personal leadership the role of mediation through cooperation. Al-Abri (2007) has also considered how ind ividuals can manage changes in health care industry. To this effect, the scholar has maintained that care professionals require expertise and skills to undertake their tasks within their areas of competence. It is evident that the global changes happening today are creating issues within organizations. To resolve the emerging problems, the managers require necessary training so as to design the best solutions. Project Proposal on Management as a Profession to Build a Strong Relationship between Employers and Employees Investors who are wishing to remain competitive and relevant in the modern market must be responsive to the human side of their business and organizational process. Chuang (2013) affirms that employees must remain social architects who have the ability and potential work at every level of an organization thus improve the business process and create an atmosphere for risk-taking, innovation, commitment, self-directed teamwork, quality, and self-improvement (Harter, Schmidt, Hayes, 2002). Wilkinson et al. (2004) noted that any positive attitude that an employee would uphold towards the firm depends on the engagement and relationship. The employers must invest in developing and nurturing engagement that needs a two-way relationship between employee and goal. Businesses anticipate making their annual production and performance reports to remain positive. However, achieving this projection is difficult where the employer-employee engagement is low (Lussier, 2005). Others factors are also crucial in influencing production such as poor logistics, poor materials, poor coordination, failing demand associated with labor faults and recessionary pressures due to unskilled workers, low employee engagement, and skilled or unskilled workers. Poor management process would remain disastrous to an organizational success as it creates production gaps. This research proposal on current worker engagement in organizations and factors that cause disengagement will be essential in understanding the performance of employees. Indisputably, a company with engaged workforce would register high performance because they are certain of job security, motivation, appreciation, and future growth. This proposal will thus focus on employee engagement, satisfaction, empowerment, and the causes of disengagement. It will thus be possible to review the employee engagement practices and their effectiveness regarding the management responsibilities. Workforce Engagement The engagement of employees shows the commitment they have in their work and organization thus justified their output as defined by Otara (2011). Many studies have failed to investigate and provide relevant information on how the management can build a positive employee engagement attitudes (Leiter Maslach, 1999). Employee engagement involves jab satisfaction, loyalty, commitment and passion with jobs, and the ability to embrace teamwork culture. Besides, Rutledge has explained that an engaged worker is inspired and attracted to their tasks because they remained fascinated and committed to the cause (Lovvorn Chen, 2011). Bockerman and Ilmakunnas (2012) maintained that engaged workers feel energized and passionate about their work. Otara (2011) agrees with Xesha, Iwu, Slabbert, and Ndunas (2014) definition of employee engagement as the desirable condition, loyalty for the employer, commitment, energetic, and enthusiasm of workers. Xesha et al. (2014) maintained that these workers think innovatively and critically thus enhance the growth of the firm. Engagement Models Many studies have researched engagement as a topic and management including Bockerman and Ilmakunnas (2012). Conversely, Leiter and Maslach (1999) study provided an in-depth analysis of this concept. Leiter and Maslach (1999) found that six areas of work would cause burnout, workload, perceived fairness, valued and meaningful work, reward and recognition, and social and community support. Therefore, job engagement values the psychological conditions, reward and recognition, equality at work, and motivation leading to organizational success (Morgan, 2015). However, the available literature has failed to show how well the management can build a strong relationship with workers without compromising organizational success. This will form the basis of the proposal so that it can bring a new idea on how best managers can embrace employee engagement without causing challenges to organizational success. This research will be a systematic method that can facilitate the finding of a solution to the problem. The method will achieve the results based on the secondary data analysis. The data will be collected from secondary sources and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The choice for secondary data is driven by the aspects of time and cost, and also it offers a higher quality data (Church, 2001). It can be used in triangulation and comparing of results. Management profession defines the success of an organization by valuing employee engagement. The important virtue attached to this position is their understanding of the unique needs, characteristics and wants of staff and customers. The skills acquired from this professional training ensure the manager monitors, tracks, and acts on all engagement metrics and remain accountable to their performance reviews. The secondary data and findings always differ from the research objectives. In fact, finding the data that relates to the particular research work may prove difficult leading to errors. References Al-Abri, R. (2007). Managing change in healthcare. Oman Medical Journal, 22(3), 9-10. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3294155/ Alam, M., Gale, A., Brown, M., Khan, A.I. (2010). The importance of human skills in project management professional development. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 3(3), 495-516. Bockerman, P. Ilmakunnas, P. (2012). The Job Satisfaction-productivity Nexus: a study using matched survey and register data. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 65(2), 244262. Chuang, S-F. (2013). Essential skills for leadership effectiveness in diverse workplace development. Online Journal for Workplace and Development, 6(1), 1-23.Retrieved from https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1133context=ojwed Church, R.M. (2001). An effective use of secondary data. Learning Motivation, 33, 32-45. Retrieved from https://www.brown.edu/Research/Timelab/archive/Pdf/2002-02.pdf Harter, J. K. Schmidt, F. L., Hayes, T.L. (2002). Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(2), 268-279. Kane-Urrabazo, C. (2006). Managements role in shaping organizational culture. Journal of Nursing Management, 14, 188-194. Retrieved from https://www.sjsu.edu/people/phyllis.connolly/courses/c17/s1/kane_umanageroleorgcul20060177.pdf Leiter, M., Maslach, C. (1999). Six areas of world life: A model of the organizational context of burnout. Journal of Health and Human Services Administration, 21(4), 472-489. Lovvorn, A.S. Chen, J.-S. (2011). Developing a global mindset: The relationship between an international assignment and cultural intelligence. International. Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(9), 275-282. Lussier, R.N. (2005).Human relations in organization. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Mastrangelo, A., Eddy, E.R., Lorenzet, S.J. (2004). The importance of personal and professional leadership. Leadership Organization Development Journal, 25(5), 435451. McCrimmon, M. (2010). A new role for management in todays post-industrial organization. IVEY Business Journal. Retrieved from https://iveybusinessjournal.com/publication/a-new-role-for-management-in-todays-post-industrial-organization/ Morgan, J. (2015, Jan 21). Why all managers must be leaders. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/jacobmorgan/2015/01/21/why-all-managers-must-be-leaders/#2f5381f65ef5 Murray, A. (2016). What do managers do? The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from https://guides.wsj.com/management/developing-a-leadership-style/what-do-managers-do/ Otara, A. (2011). Perception: A guide for managers and leaders. Journal of Management and Strategy, 2(3), 21-24. Retrieved from https://www.sciedupress.com/journal/index.php/jms/article/viewFile/397/187 Wilkinson, A. et al. (2004). Changing patterns of employee voice. Journal of Industrial Relations, 46(3), 298322. Xesha, D., Iwu, C.G., Slabbert, A., Nduna, J. (2014). The impact of employer-employee relationships on business growth. Journal of Economics, 5(3), 313-324. Retrieved from https://www.krepublishers.com/02-Journals/JE/JE-05-0-000-14-Web/JE-05-3-000-14-Abst-PDF/JE-5-3-313-14-140-Xesha-D/JE-5-3-313-14-140-Xesha-D-Tx[8].pdf

Audit Assurance and Compliance Services

Question: Discuss about the Audit Assurance and Compliance Services. Answer: Introduction: Auditing is the important aspect in any financial managing company to keep all their data safe, secured and perfect without any missing information for any firm. This report talks about the work given to the auditors for making assessments of the statements related to the financial data by the management. The authorization of auditing the files are given only to those examiners who are found responsible and could present the data to the stakeholders by taking the leadership authentication and ruling out any glitches found in the information while maintaining professionalism and giving them overall finance required to the company by appropriate estimations (Audit.ucsf, 2016). Any information related to the organization is provided to the auditor as a part of morality and competence obligations. Any suggestions specified by the auditor to the company are given prior importance to execute by the management. The information related to the company should be perfect and complete without an y unclear data, so the auditors will have a keen view on all these aspects and wants it to be highly standard and accurate. If found any missing or unrelated information then they would enquire about it and clear the doubts (Cso, 2016). The task of assessing the financial statements is completed only after noting the ambiguities like revenue of the company, important assets and expenditure for that particular duration. The steps To Follow before audit and apply them to BSF Ltd Any accountant who has accepted for auditing the financial statements should be complaint to the laws by considering the fact that he should not get threatened by the organizations group or overlook the conducts of ethical rules as it is the suggested criteria from the ethical guidelines. It should be noted that accepting the task that leads to the cause of threats should be avoided by the auditor which is an essential point to be kept in mind (Isaca, 2016). So the rules in ethical guidelines specifies that before considering to execute any task for auditing you need to be aware of the factors that are mentioned in the guidelines. All the necessary information related to the clients and records of the business are needed to be gathered by the auditor for the present work and need to give the brief outlook of the work and issues if found so that it would not mess up at the end of the audit as it is dealt with the client outside (PwC, 2016). There is always a chance of rejecting the given task if found any proposed threat or insecurity. It clearly implies that every accepted task should be dealt carefully nevertheless of taking long time in assessing the audit files while it gives an opportunity of knowing the customer in depth. As the client gets approval from the auditor for auditing the files they take into consideration those formalities while never getting compromised on their objectives (Rbk, 2016). Threats can be expected from the new firms as a part of their job if any of the auditing team is related to the organization members in terms of share. Expectations of any threat to the auditing team from the client never says that the proposal has to be taken off or stop in between it can even been carried out under proper protection by safeguarding themselves from opponents. Measures should be taken to get away from the issue repeatedly and demolish it completely to avoid any further threats in future (Isaca, 2016). T he later level of audits are accepted by identifying if there are any further issues involved with them. Solutions should be designed for safeguarding the audit team from being threatened by the clients. Auditor efficiency varies based on the organization they are chosen for. It drastically varies if greater organizations are involved in auditing work. Clients such as BSF which is a high level industry the auditor is expected with special skills of efficacy and should be highly capable in order to understand the terms and policies of that firm in regards to their context (Rbk, 2016). In these aspects evaluation should be to the greater extent if auditor is accepting the task and it is a sign of inviting the threat on their own if they are not eligible for this task to complete and accepting it if unable to sketch out the business details at a prospective level. The satisfaction of expectations of clients , reaching the deadlines specified by them are need to be carefully understood by the auditor and should fulfill this requirements before approving the assigned task (Audit.ucsf, 2016). Condition at which Audit firm accept to do the Audit of BSF Ltd Not presenting the accurate solution that is according to the situation then it creates the way to the threats related to audit firm while giving the suitable conditions for the beneficial of the financial statements. Three kinds of risks are involved in auditing they are: Risk of control Risk of inherent Risk of detection Any possibilities of missing the data and taking commissions or interpreting the data in a wrong way in the financial statements then these are considered to be the inherent risks. These consequences vary from the controls and should be noted that are important to be verified. If the risk is at high level, certainly the industry has to face the risk of inherent which is similarly found with BSF limited (Rbk, 2016). The standards of BSF limited are independent from other firms and have their own judgments which are personal and voicing the nature with no restrictions are the rules required to step ahead. This implicates that risk of inherent is pretty high. There is no significant risk of control identified with BSF limited in such case as it is less than 5 percent involved. If mechanism required to control the process is not properly handled then that leads to control risk which can be aptly defined by this and it apparently makes a way to the threats if failing to recognize the statements that are materialistic (Isaca, 2016). Appropriate control measures internally are to be proposed to solve the misinterpretation regarding the BSF. Auditor should give an opinion on the control measures that are being input in the BSF. By implementing such measures it seems to work out well at BSF and efficient. BSF is comparatively having higher threats as it is the top level industry and the details related to their organization are not clearly given to the auditing team. This figure out the control measures and identifies that situation is controllable (PwC, 2016). If failing to recognize the missing statements from the financial bills of the company then the risk of detection comes into the picture. And it describes the inability of the auditor or giving an opportunity for the company by the auditor (Audit.ucsf, 2016). A customized systematic manner is to be followed while auditing the financial statements and has to rule out the missing of data or any other manipulations in the statements and appropriate corrections are to be proposed as it is not expected to record it in the books without necessary corrections as it affects the users interests at later stages. Multiple audit visits can be carried out to verify the mistakes and to reduce the chance of risks (Rbk, 2016). Mixture of three risks of audits is finally presented by the audit team after the completion of entire auditing process (Isaca, 2016). Increase in the three different risks such as risk of inherent, Risk of control and risk of detection are to be determined to know the risk involved in audit. Risk in Audit = Risk of control x Risk of detection x Risk of Inherent To identify the threats involved in auditing the task the audit team has found the process and has to report the possible ways to reduce the threats by acknowledging them is the work given to the team to make a final decision on the entire threats reduction. If the risk level is unmanageable, then the proposed suggestion is at rejection (Rbk, 2016). The risk level is proposed with number of safeguards process in case of risk of detection since the risk is at insignificant level. High labor and lengthy duration is required for this and approval is taken from the management before accepting any task (Isaca, 2016). Risk of inherent and risk of control levels are inversely proportional to the risk level of detection. Risk of detection is chosen to be at lower level by the audit team if threat of inherent is pictured in the situation while giving way to the risk of inherent at high peaks (Audit.ucsf, 2016). The final threat for BSF appears to be at higher level in auditing process for threat levels of detection and inherent. The calculations involved in audit risk are as follows: Risk in Audit = Risk of control x Risk of detection x Risk of Inherent =0.05 x 0.8 x 0.9 = 3.6% or 0.36 The threat level less than 10% is expected by the audit team to be moderate in general. Hence it is considered that threat of audit on BSF is on the safer side. This reveals that there are no restrictions in taking the task for auditing the financial statements. Audit program for the BSF Ltd The adequate amount of proofs related to the audit is to be collected by the audit team as a part of the auditing program in order to follow the appropriate systematic procedure of auditing the financial statements. The auditing process is carried out only if the account system of the client industry is evaluated by the team for example here it is the BSF limited. The accounting system is studied in detailed by the auditing team is the strategy followed on the clients tasks (Rbk, 2016). This at later stages are tested by conducting control and other tests which are related to this process to make sure that all proofs are gathered in the given duration of time. At the end the audit team has to be sure of providing the evidence correctly about the clients financial statements. The audit programs that are certainly recommended are as follows: Reports related to finance- on monthly basis List of accounts to be viewed Suggestions to be followed from the previous audits Proposing the financial balance at year end Reports to be sent to the required clients and list of funds needs to be received Predictive check on the account balance thoroughly Ledgers are maintained by the clients which are to be checked keenly and other related files The data from all the sectors should be matched after totaling the accounts The office accounts are to be linked to banks statements Number of transactions occurred should be verified and amount taken for the purpose is utilized accordingly or not should be checked How The CSIRO Grant Is Treated? The auditors from external team need to follow the entities regarding the irregularities on financial statements from the journal. The audit process is regulated using the journal from the department of accounting for accurate verification. The managing is enquired regarding the entries by the audit team and accordingly the funding is given (Cso, 2016). BSF has designed a success factor that the success in business is based on the development and research carried out. The uncertainty of research depends on the external factors. After attaining the success from such a research program then it can be taken for benefiting the needs of customers. The activities of research and development are to be carried out properly to get a success and the necessary targets should be identified. The targets which are in between should be executed depending on the budget allocated and the duration of time. BSF follows the journal guidelines to show the report effectiveness before marketing them (Audit.ucsf, 2016). The performance from the research that is undertaken newly by BSF is found to be quite complex but cost on research are given on daily basis of expenses and revenue. Collection of material and major equipments is given huge capitals (Rbk, 2016). The decision of fixing the funds is decided by the audit team as it has to be carefully tasked based on the requirements of work in the industry. Sign-Off On That Statement As Being True And Fair Is Required Or Not? The three entities that are involved in triple bottom line addendum are the environmental, social and economic production in the organization. For the audit to be in a signature process Spreckly has designed this system in 80s and made a first approach. BSF limited is corresponding to this triple bottom line terms and standards hereafter. The credits for the work executed on the financial statements is appreciated (Gay Simnett, 2000). Though the auditing process looks extended because of the procedure but the company management is pleased with the friendly approach environment and the respectful communication (PwC, 2016). The media reports that these rules are criticized by industries of other firms because of their diversion to the fish production company rather than the suppliers of food materials. This has made an attempt of getting food for next generations. It created a bias between the extremely poor and high people so the approach was not taken into account (Gay Simnett, 200 0). On the progress of working on this account though the initial take off was not appreciated it was considered as better solution in the later stages. In the scientific research, the triple bottom line is considered to be the success measure but it is not really accepted by the auditor to sign off as they were reluctant to accept (Whittington Pany, 2001). Are you willing to sign-off on that statement as being true and fair? From the conclusions it is evident that auditor has to get convinced and sign off the document because of the huge information that is available and processed through the auditing process is correct. After performing the extensive research the information is given based on the conditions in the market place and the predictions derived from the situations are submitted. The management is provided with the patent value that is capable of in producing the efficient output in future (Whittington Pany, 2001). The less availability of advanced technology is providing very less competition to the management and as the time progress it will change the opinion. There might be drastic change in regards to competition which is not exactly related to the market research (Gay Simnett, 2000). After a proper understanding is created in the market then we can notice a great interest on the patent value in another one or two years or so (Gay Simnett, 2000). The price is however fixed based on the popularity of product in the market and its sales conditions. The management is extremely not worried as it can get back the value of it in the later stages after fine evaluation in the market. References Audit.ucsf.edu. 2016.Audits (Assurance and Compliance) | Audit Advisory Services. [online] Available at: https://audit.ucsf.edu/audits-assurance-and-compliance [Accessed 11 Sep. 2016]. Cso.ie. 2016.Chapter 5 - Audit, Assurance and Compliance Arrangements - CSO - Central Statistics Office. [online] Available at: https://www.cso.ie/en/aboutus/governance/corporategovernancestandard/chapter5-auditassuranceandcompliancearrangements/ [Accessed 11 Sep. 2016]. Isaca.org. 2016. [online] Available at: https://www.isaca.org/knowledge-center/research/pages/audit-assurance-programs.aspx?cid=1003563appeal=pr [Accessed 11 Sep. 2016]. Gay, G.E. and Simnett, R., 2000.Auditing and assurance services in Australia. Mcgraw-hill. PwC. 2016.Points of view. [online] Available at: https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/services/audit-assurance/publications/regulatory-debate.html [Accessed 11 Sep. 2016]. Rbk.ie. 2016.Audit, Assurance Compliance. [online] Available at: https://www.rbk.ie/services/audit-assurance [Accessed 11 Sep. 2016]. Whittington, R. and Pany, K., 2001.Principles of auditing and other assurance services. Irwin/McGraw-Hill.