Wheatley the Satirist - Literature Essay Samples

In early African-American literature, there is a consistent theme of gaining freedom through assimilation that as an idea slowly wilts and becomes militant as it continues to be ineffective in the black struggle for freedom and equality. Phillis Wheatley is the first canonical African-American female poet and she is able to write in this time period because her poetry is the opposite of critical. Phillis Wheatley’s â€Å"On Being Brought from Africa to America,† demonstrates not just the conformity enforced upon early slaves, but also the immediacy of the indoctrination of slaves to white European religious philosophies and poetic rhetoric. Wheatley wholeheartedly embraces the idea of Christianity in its basest understanding in that she uses the rhetoric of the bible to argue why she should be equal, and that is because she and other African descendants also â€Å"may be refin’d,† (Wheatley). Modernly it is an atheist habit to formulate philosophical and scientific argument against the basis of a Judeo-Christian god, this stems from the religious indoctrination perpetrated onto the masses in the early stages of America. This is exemplified by Jupiter Hammon, Olaudah Equiano, Phillis Wheatley, even the Reverend Martin Luther King Junior. To argue against the societal restrictions and oppressions undergone by a specific populace, one must reveal the hypocrisy within Christianity from which the oppressor draws their morality. By appealing to this base desire of self-righteousness, the overlord must cease to be the oppressor or admit that they are villainous. Whilst simultaneously using Christianity’s s pecificities to criticize immoral behavior, the indoctrination of slaves was still a dangerous and definitive stain on the personality of those forced. Jupiter Hammon wrote to Phillis Wheatley in his poem â€Å"An Address to Phillis Wheatley,† God’s tender mercy brought thee here; Tossed o’er the raging main; In Christian faith thou hast a share, Worth all the gold of Spain. It is indicative that the value of Christianity to these people is a mechanism for adding value to a life that is insufficiently vibrant or full of exceptional things. This is dangerous because they believe in what is essentially a fairy-tail to the point in which they depend on the afterlife to apply meaning to their â€Å"humble† lives and become complaisant to the horrors that they have and their ancestors will endure. The indoctrination of Africans and African-Americans into Christianity was a tool for control and it is akin to Moloch’s plan of using the master’s weapons against them for Wheatley to purposefully advocate her freedom based solely on the principles spoon fed to her by slavers and ministers. As a student of classical literature Wheatley was well acquainted with both Milton and Pope, and thus can be expected to view Christianity critically in regards to its application of oppression. â€Å"On Being Brought from Africa to America,† she demonstratively declares herself as a shining example of Christianity, not as a boast, but as a criticism of those that would oppress her and thus sully their own holiness. This poem as well as a criticism works nicely as a satire to expose the fear within the community of slavers and subjugators in which she writes her work. For example Wheatley writes â€Å"Remember, Christians, Negros, black as Cain,/ May be refind, and join th a ngelic train,† this indicates that she is reminding Christians that they had given their holy tradition to blacks as a means to keep them satisfied in the face of harsh torment, and then it basks in the fact that their shared faith creates a sense of familial bondage between the two races that is by nature permanent. Wheatley uses satire to force acknowledgement of equality in the eyes of God by her keepers, and thus establishes a means to the reclamation of independence for future leaders invoking the same arguments, such as Olaudah and reverend King. In a nutshell, Wheatley markets herself to a predominantly white audience conditioned by the fact that she is conservative and Christian and thus malleable and inherently in service against her own best wishes. Wheatley uses this platform both to shelter herself from those whom would judge her, as well as to attach a European style and motif to her work. It appears that Wheatley imitates the styles of Milton-esque writers to further appeal to white Christian audiences whom regard themselves as devout Christian’s and appeal to their desires to feel better about their own degrees of faith. This allows her the most possible freedom she can attain within her position as she is able to continue her education and publication with little ramificati on outside of literary criticism. While Wheatley’s work stays subtly critical it is important to remember that black women are still scrutinized far more than their white and/or male counterparts. Participation in the canon of early American literature for an African American woman is monumental in the development of this country, and to consider her a satirist as well acknowledges the necessity of education for true equality in modern American society.

Comparing Plato s The Republic - 957 Words

What mix of traits creates the perfect ruler? Some may say charisma, personability, or even good looks. Throughout history, a plethora of leaders with different views have been successful for many different kinds of societies. Depending on what the society needs, rulers change their ways as well as do what they can for the good of their people. In Plato’s The Republic, the character Socrates argues with his peers about what makes the perfect society, as well as the perfect leader. According to Plato, the wisest choice for a ruler in a near perfect society is a philosopher, containing multiple important attributes. A wide variety of characteristics are covered, yet Plato seems to focus in on several key foundations. Plato’s views on essential traits of a philosopher focus on the necessity of truth and thirst for knowledge. Perhaps the most important trait of a philosopher is the ability to learn. This trait is important because if it pains a philosopher to learn, they ca n’t be expected to enjoy it or have much success (486 c). The idea of constantly wanting more knowledge is abundant. Plato often states that a yearning for knowledge will come at a young age, and that it won’t be easy (485 d). Searching for knowledge is a lifelong commitment that takes dedication and persistence. He also gives a counter example while talking about the timarchic character as well as the oligarchic society. Due to an imperfect education, the timarchic leader will have inner conflict when itShow MoreRelatedComparing Plato s Republic, The Philosopher And Plato965 Words   |  4 PagesIn Plato s Republic, the philosopher is sitting having a discussion with his fellow peers and friends. During this conversation each character except Plato offers their opening and reasoning on the question, what is justice. For the majority of the book Plato outlines almost every aspect of his ideal city. 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Meanwhile Plato’s notorious â€Å"The Republic† takes a different stance and pushes the idea that the governmentRead MoreComparing Plato s The Republic Of 380bce And One Of The Key Themes2021 Words   |  9 PagesPlato wrote the Republic in 380BCE and one of the key themes in the book is the theory of justice (C. D. C. Reeve, 2004). In this essay, we will follow the three main views of justice set out by , Glaucon (Ademantus) and Socrates highlighted in Plato’s The Republic. Whilst Thrasymachus explains a very simple and easily understood view of justice, seeing it as the laws created by the rulers of a city, there is no input from anybody else (Lampert, 2010, p260) In my opinion, Glaucon has a much strongerRead MoreKant And Kant s Philosophy On Ethics970 Words   |  4 Pagessame question. A dictionary describes ethics as-moral principles that govern a person s or group s behavior. Is there a universal ethical behavior ? Are all countries ethical ? 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We are educating our children to be master test takers who conform to the no rm and not to think outside the box. My position is supported by Socrates in Plato s The Republic and Aristotle in his Nicomachean Ethics, Book II. Because students waste too much time on testing, education should not beRead MoreMy Views On Education And Education1154 Words   |  5 Pages In this paper, I am going to examine and compare my views on education to the great philosophers Aristotle, Socrates and Plato. Education should not be something forced on people from a very young age. We are educating our children to be master test takers who conform to the norm and not to think outside the box. My position is supported by Socrates in Plato s The Republic and Aristotle in his Nicomachean Ethics, Book II. Because students waste too much time on testing, education should not beRead MoreWhy the Philospher Should Rule (Plato)1708 Words   |  7 Pages1) (From the Republic Book VII) WHY SHOULD THE PHILOSOPHER RULE? EXPLAIN WHY HE IS BEST SUITED TO RULE AND EXPLAIN 2) WHY IT IS A DILEMMA FOR HE TO CHOOSE TO RULE. WHY DOES HE HAVE TO BE COMPELLED AND WHAT IS THE NATURE OF THE COMPULSION? 3) BE SURE TO COMMENT ON HOW THIS QUESTION IS RELATED TO THE ANSWER PLATO ATTEMPTS TO CONSTRUCT TO GLAUCONS CHALLENGE? Part 1 In Plato’s Republic, Plato sets out to prove that it is always better to be just than unjust. Doing so requires him to look

The Theory Of Social Psychology - 996 Words

Introduction In 1971 Dr. Philip Zimbardo, conducted the Stanford Prison Experiment at Stanford University in the basement. According to Zimbardo, the study was an effort to see how well people would react in a place of confinement, Classic Studies in Psychology, (2012). There were 24 male randomly assigned to act as guards or prisoners in the derision prison. The endeavor was of this study was at the start to last two weeks, but was ended after six days due to the immoderate action of the participants, because some guards were abusive, prisoners became passive. The participants prisoners was unexpectedly arrested at their home, fingerprinted, booked, and taken to the simulated prison by officers of the local police department. The normal setting for arrest, However, the stage was set for this experiment. The value of the study in relation to social psychology The value in relation to social psychology in generalization to humanity as a whole and the difficulty and precaution in place to reduce the ethical concerns the study created. This study became an example to how good people mannerism and behaviors is influence to be coming the offender of evil. The value is good and bad people together have combinations of factors needed to produce certain effects and to predict the results that would be obtained under certain specified conditions and turn to bad and evil. The Stanford Prison Experiment has become a good example of how good people can be influencedShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Social Psychology1654 Words   |  7 PagesSocial psychology is a subfield of psychology that studies how people’s feelings, behaviors, and thoughts vary depending on their social environment (Social Psychology Careers, n.d.). 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International Journal of Marketing Research - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the International Journal of Market Research. Answer: Introduction In this report, disruptive innovation is described suggestion taking from the given article. Disruptive innovation is a business administration that can create a new market eventually disrupting the existing market. Disrupting innovation mainly causes a quake in the technology-based industry and it can displace the market leading firms (Presbitero, Roxas Chadee, 2017). In this study, innovator's dilemma is explained and its description is aligned with big firm's failure. In the latter part of the report, the reason behind Kodak's failure will be delineated. In the final section, Toshiba is selected to present an argument that it may fail in near future if it continues to things in the same way. Explaining Innovators Dilemma The concept of Innovators Dilemma first came into existence by Clayton Christensen, who was a businessman and Harvard Professor. When businessmen or entrepreneurs invent a service or product, first they try to penetrate the new market to convince people to buy their products. In this stage, the entrepreneurs do anything to get noticed by the consumers. After a time, the inventions become mainstreams and profits become predictable. As stated by Christensen, Raynor McDonald, (2015), after a while, new disruptive service or products start to show up in the industry or the mainstreams products and service may go out of business drastically. The dilemma occurs when the mainstream companies try to compete with the disruptive innovators, the existing company that dominated the market once, cannibalises own business. The existing mainstream company has to observe its fat profits dwindle and get eaten away from another entrepreneur in the same field. It sounds like an easy decision when stat ed simply; however, it's very hard to justify cannibalising own business to board and for investors. It's also sometimes hard for managers and companies without an outside perspective to realise when they are being disrupted. According to Guttentag (2015), a disruptive product is cheaper and not as good; however good enough to replace existing product on the low-end. For instance, Netflix was slower and not necessarily there when the people wanted it. Interestingly, Netflix has done an unbelievable job avoiding disruption of its own business model by on-demand video. As a result, it has become one of the leaders in the on-demand movie and TV show market defeating Blockbuster. Explaining why big firms fail from the perspective of Innovators Dilemma Majority of large companies listen to only on the customers at first and they focus only on the bottom lines. The majority of the large customer-based do not want to have crappy new technologies of the new entrepreneurs. In the initial stage, most of the disruptive technologies have worst margins than the large companies. The large firms think that the new market is not attractive at all and they do not devote their resources to improve the technologies of future. The big firms do not nurture the potential technologies for the new customer base. As stated by King Baatartogtokh (2015), new start-ups continue with their works in their innovation and they amaze the customers with their expertise. As opined by Osiyevskyy Dewald (2015), successful companies are successful because they evolve to serve the needs of their best customers and to ignore or de-prioritise other customer segments. These "underserved" customers need solutions and often new companies enter the market to serve them.At first, new entrepreneurs are ignored by the large organisations because their new solutions are taken as poor quality relatively more featured products or services they offer to the customers. But over time the new companies' solutions get better, they creep upmarket and begin to take customers away from the incumbents and they get disrupted. New technologies are now synonymous with disruptive innovation. The big firms need to see the future that withdrawing its nature to focus only on customer-focused, short-sighted goal and bottom-line. Big firms miss the discussion with venture capitalist and top-tier scientific researchers for gathering new trend in the market. Big firms cannot take the risk whether disruptive innovation will be dominant in near future and the transition towards the disruptive innovation can be a loss of revenue and reduced profits also (Presbitero, Roxas Chadee, 2017). Therefore, successful companies are supposed to do end up leading to their own failure. Explaining why did Kodak fail, what did they do right and what did they do wrong The Innovator's Dilemma deals with the fact that an established company, doing what it is supposed to be doing, better serving its highest revenue and highest margin customers (Lyver Lu, 2018). It sets itself up for getting its market dominated by new entrants. Kodak had more than 145,000 employees and it had the market share of 90%. Today, Kodak is insolvent and it has been selling its assets to survive in the market. Kodak failed to understand the transition of the market and it did not embrace the new technologies that can redefine the market. Disruptive technologies come to industry with new and innovative performance attributes; Kodak at first did not provide value to the innovation. With the advancement of the time, performance attributes of the photography technology improved and they invaded the established market of Kodak. Kodak sold the reel cameras and they could not understand the shift from analog to the digital market. Kodak observed that in the initial stage, the digi tal cameras were poor qualities and they had the capability to store only a few images with low battery life. However, the digital camera and mobile camera took the market from Kodak. Today, all the digital products are making a wave in the market and digital cameras erase the use of film use (Hjalager, 2014). Kodak failed to understand that the digital photography is the new future. Sony first brought the electronic camera and Kodak could not understand the potential capability of it. Kodak analysed various factors of digital photography, equipment costs, image quality, print costs, interpretability of components and camera display. Kodak management thought the digital photography is not threatening for them. Kodak also made labs for the mega-pixel camera to support the digital technology (Nunan, 2017). Kodak decided to remain in chemical, paper and photo film camera business. Selecting Toshiba as chosen firm, presenting an argument that it may fail in the next 10 years if it continues to do things in the same way Toshiba was established in the year 1875 and is a global conglomerate. It manufactures electronics products, computer hardware and electronic equipment. It has it headquarter in Minato, Japan. Revenue of the company was 5.66 trillion and the company is in substantial doubt that whether they would be able to survive in the industry as the loss of the company may touch $ 9 billion in March 2018 (Money.cnn.com, 2018). Toshiba employs more than 190,000 employees around the globe and its collapse will be too significant for Japan. Toshiba confirmed in the year 2016 that they would stop making laptops and personal computers for the consumers. The company may sell the computers and laptops to the USA and in Europe, not in the home country Japan. Toshiba stopped making consumers' laptops and they decided to make business laptops only for Europe and the USA based business. Toshiba opted for B2B sales, initially Toshiba focused on thin notebook and convertible laptop with tablets. Toshiba pred icted major growth in this sector and the management thought that it would be a great move for the business to survive in the market (Tjiptono Andrianombonana, 2016). Toshiba was exploring the deal with vendors, meanwhile, the company is in Billions debt. Toshiba was trying to raise money as it witnessed the huge loss of the business. Toshiba sold its medical equipment making unit in the year 2015 and they focused on memory chips and nuclear power plants (Money.cnn.com, 2018). In a previous time, the users like to use Windows or Apple based varieties of desktop-based products. In recent time, the people like to use web-based or iPad devices that are low-cost products and the extra feature is portability. These types of products give the advantage of taking a picture, handheld, interactive educational games and easy to set up. Toshiba did not look on this side as they were busy to expand the business in another sector as Toshiba believed in sustaining innovation where they tried to improve the established innovation (Money.cnn.com, 2018). Toshiba at first failed to understand the consumers' preferences and they continued to make PCs and laptops. When they tried to shift the business, they plunged into a massive loss. Even, in the year, 2016, they confessed to falsifying the profit of the company where the problem was in utter deep. Toshiba needs to solve the matter to survive even after 10 years later in consumers' electronic goods industry and they can tak e the hybrid innovation strategy where they include both new and old technologies in full form. They can target the existing customers and they can use their pre-existing technology to provide delight with the customers. Conclusion It has been observed that not all ideas in the business are disruptive, the entrepreneurs need to find the gap' in the market to pursue the disruptive innovation. It has been also watched that some big changes aren't disruptive, and some disruptive changes are not considered radical advances.Kodak thought that digital photography a low-end disruption, that is providing a worse product at a lower price point for people already in the market but over-served by incumbents, or "new market disruption" where a product competes with non-consumption. In order to survive in the market, companies need to analyse the disruptive innovation and it's important to distinguish between sustaining and disruptive innovation, which makes it more evident why it is difficult for incumbent companies to be disruptive. Reference List Christensen, C. M., Raynor, M. E., McDonald, R. (2015). What is a disruptive innovation? Harvard Business Review,93(12), 44-53. Guttentag, D. (2015). Airbnb: disruptive innovation and the rise of an informal tourism accommodation sector.Current issues in Tourism,18(12), 1192-1217. Hjalager, A. M. (2014). Disruptive and sustaining innovation: the case of rural tourism. Research on Innovation in Tourism Industries, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 56-83. King, A. A., Baatartogtokh, B. (2015). How useful is the theory of disruptive innovation?.MIT Sloan Management Review,57(1), 77. Lyver, M. J., Lu, T. J. (2018). Sustaining Innovation Performance in SMEs: Exploring the Roles of Strategic Entrepreneurship and IT Capabilities.Sustainability,10(2), 442. Nunan, D. (2017). Reflections on the future of the market research industry: is market research having its Kodak moment?.International Journal of Market Research,59(5), 553-555. Osiyevskyy, O., Dewald, J. (2015). Explorative versus exploitative business model change: the cognitive antecedents of firm?level responses to disruptive innovation.Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,9(1), 58-78. Pham, S. (2018). Toshiba: Too big to fail?. CNNMoney. Retrieved 22 February 2018, from https://money.cnn.com/2017/04/14/investing/toshiba-nuclear-financial-crisis-future/index.html Presbitero, A., Roxas, B., Chadee, D. (2017). Sustaining innovation of information technology service providers: Focus on the role of organisational collectivism.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,47(2/3), 156-174. Tjiptono, F., Andrianombonana, H. T. R. (2016). Examining brand origin recognition accuracy in Indonesia.Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics,28(5), 878-897.